Description

Iveco S.p.a. is an Italian automotive manufacturing company based in Turin and belonging to the CNH Industrial Group. The Daily is a Fiat Professional commercial light commercial vehicle that has been produced since 1978 by this company, over time, along with the various versions of the van, coach, and now Saurer Special Automobiles. It enjoys great respect. The property of this vehicle is very significant and currently is the fifth generation. Due to the increasing competition of Chinese and pickup trucks, Saurer can be a new product development potential in the international market. Autocaresex S.A is a company that creates an Iveco Daily with many innovations, and the vehicles can be converted into double cabs, and ten places are available overall. The first two drivers behind have ergonomic air seats that aid good ride comfort on long trips. The wide range of innovative solutions ensures safety and user-friendly operation for the entire service. This vehicle highlights the ambulances’ work of transporting the sick and providing first aid for the sick.

Iveco Daily is one of the most tested light commercial vehicles and already ensures the highest comfort for the user. This vehicle has specific requirements and is suitable for different configurations. It becomes an ambulance with all equipment needed during hospital transfer of sick persons. The inside configuration is complete and can provide qualified Emergency Ambulance Service. The usual materials used for the production are in compliance with all fire and biocompatibility regulations and are easy to clean and disinfect according to the usual procedures and the agent used (ozone / H2O2).

1.1. Background of Iveco Daily Ambulances

Some German manufacturers delivered such service units instead of an already existing outdoor lamp to the customer. Eurotecno was also known, being able to meet a certain percentage of the total number of vehicles, and concentrated therefore on conversion. As one of several manufacturers AKA Ambulanzmobilen, however, delivered a completely revised system for assembling Iveco, which was then mainly cheaper to buy, and this money is almost practically in the basic care the system care in the form of care with ambulance in the narrow form. After all, not everything is due to the so-called car safety package, not more immediately in case of a massive external impact. Even though they are hard for me, the boxes are not on sale anyway. Apart from the fact that the ambulances are enclosed by cockpit’s contact separation, the kind and pressure of the recoupling of the operating elements are distinctly stabilized, for example. The engineers conduct studies to guarantee that it (the reduced rescue) will not produce defects or other functions that are important to ambulance staff. Part of it was obviously the last update to the development before it is discontinued and turned into the model Care/Warrandekorationen.

In the early nineties, the 1980s version of many German departments had the apparently radical idea of procuring patient’s transport ambulances. This may not look very significant nowadays, but back then, even the Transport Ministry of the state of Baden-Württemberg rejected this idea. The Landesrat was quoted saying something like “it’s not just not necessary, but ridiculous”. Today, Baden-Württemberg has multiple buyers of ambulances. Just in the standard version, there are single coin’s diameter worth more inhabitants. Before this and the following reforms, to connect the ambulance service units (Deutsches Rotes Kreuz, Arbeiter Samariter Bund, Johanniter, Malteser, Maria Hilf, usw.), quite often the respective patient transport service units were established. The editors of ‘Der Feuerwehrmann’ in 1992 revised the system and how the user were about procuring the vehicles as follows: “The many arguments have seemingly helped that in the end, the two German companies Volkswagen and IVECO received the task after negotiations. The Italian company would build the service units with LA sportive [translation: CLA], and the self-sufficient Volkswagen with the turn-table lattice grid system concept. Thus the background was set for the DAILY-HI-MATIC which was able to transport goods and people without complaints”. At the IAA Commercial Vehicles in September 1992, the IVECO DAILY-BAND was launched.

2. Manufacturer: Iveco

Iveco designs, develops, and manufactures multiple types of products, each with their own unique features and specifications. The vehicle manufacturing plant is currently operating in three different countries: China, Turkey, and Russia. Russia is the country where the Iveco range of 7-ton vehicles will be assembled, and the engine and transmission will also be manufactured locally. A highly integrated, most up-to-date assembly and testing facility is employed for the full process of assembling the Iveco Daily Ambulance. Owing to the advanced technology, the assembled ambulances are currently being used in 104 different countries. This frontline ambulance is designed and manufactured in multiple configurations, such as A-1 B Type, B-1 B Type, C – A Type, and C-B Type, to meet various standards and customer requirements.

The Iveco Daily ambulance is a key figure in the range of ambulance vehicles. It is designed and manufactured by Iveco, a well-known company in the automobile sector, established in 1975. Iveco specializes in manufacturing commercial vehicles, such as heavy vehicles for off-road transport and public transport, as well as special vehicles. The company is headquartered in Turin, Italy, and has multiple facilities around the world. The company also develops and manufactures special vehicles, such as Pure Electric & CNG, small vehicles such as the G-Van Daily Van and Cab, and the Daily minibus and lift. Daily’s vehicles are also available in various forms to meet all the needs of the transport sector.

2.1. Company Overview

Furthermore, Oto Melara guarantees assistance throughout the life cycle of the vehicles and arranges technical-commercial support. It offers a timely and efficient after-sales service to respond to customers’ demands. Iveco Cars concept is much more than the production of a top-quality vehicle. The company follows the customers since the purchase of the vehicle and supports them in every move. Specialist teams are at the customers’ disposal to help them configure the vehicles to meet specific demands. The company is on the customers’ side throughout the after-sale period too, continuing to support them and provide timely help. Oto Melara produces a wide range of commercial vehicles that can be used for many applications. Throughout the process, both Iveco S.p.A. and Oto Melara guarantee maximum data protection given the sensitivity of the information in question. Data protection and confidentiality are guaranteed by a dedicated organization that acts constantly alongside the company at work. 3,700 sales and service outlets in over 160 countries guarantee technical support wherever an Iveco vehicle is at work.

2. MANUFACTURER: IVECO 2.1. Company Overview Iveco is a brand of CNH Industrial N.V., a global leader in capital goods. Iveco designs, manufactures, and markets a wide range of light, medium, and heavy commercial vehicles, off-road trucks, city and intercity buses and coaches, as well as special vehicles for applications such as firefighting, off-road missions, the defense sector, and rescue and civil protection vehicles. Iveco employs over 24,000 individuals globally. It manages production sites in 11 countries throughout Europe, Asia, Africa, Oceania, and Latin America, where it produces vehicles featuring the latest advanced technologies. 5,000 sales and service outlets in over 160 countries guarantee technical support wherever an Iveco vehicle is at work. Oto Melara is a company based in Brescia and is responsible for the production of defense and civil protection vehicles. Many years of experience in the market and its effort in the search for new materials and innovative technical solutions make Iveco S.p.A. and Oto Melara unique and reliable partners.

2.1. Company Overview This sub-section offers a comprehensive overview of Iveco as the manufacturer of Daily Ambulances. It encompasses aspects such as the company’s history, mission, values, and strategic positioning within the automotive industry.

Manufacturer and Interior Design of Iveco Daily Ambulances

2.2. Manufacturing Facilities Iveco Daily Ambulance

Coordination with the company’s head offices and other plants is ensured by a Wi-Fi network that connects and interfaces all the company’s activities and is managed by a person resident in the Matera factory. Other activities, such as logistics and procurement, are carried out by a close company that transports parts to and from the factory to a local haulier who loads all pallets.

The manufacturing phases needed to produce the daily ambulance characterization are manually carried out as the result of the specific know-how of the workers, gained during several years, and refer to the use of dyeing and cutting systems for honeycomb combs, wiring in ambulance specific items, and realization of the partition systems.

The ovens are built with a P.I.D. temperature control on three different temperature ranges, indicated by three sensors in the automotive area. The manufacturing process continues with the fog on the car produced by a pumping system that blends the correct dose of deionized water and the liquid paint. A coloring system is equipped with anti-fire and explosion flat surfaces. Also, a filter line for water colors and paint – the hyperfiltration system allows the colors work following client requests. This is continued by drying the car paint with overpressure HEPA-WOLF filter which increases car’s coverage and body’s smoothness. Some mini-flat horizontal filters are designed to dress up 4 post-ramp on wheels in order that extractor dust and powders end up just in the filters.

Daily ambulances are manufactured in the area located on the lower floor. The space on the side of each workstation has been developed to house the color mixing room, controlled by software that allows the management of colors and their dosages, and L-shaped drying ovens, specially designed to make the air flow circulate better – both lengthwise the side of the car and perpendicularly to it. These ovens are also designed to prevent heat dispersion on the car hood, which remains at a constant temperature. The vertical ventilation is designed to avoid the contamination and dispersion of the powders used for the oven’s surface treatments.

The preparation area, the frame for cars customization, is equipped with ramps and electric hoists for the vehicle loading. The height allows for work on the two floors; the upper area is a mezzanine, then the lower floor has more than 4-meter height. The area, just like the two floors where it is located, is open-spaced, with no physical barrier between the various machines. Moreover, should some noise need to be isolated, the area is equipped with several viscous barriers made up of sound-absorbing materials.

In the office building, the administrative and commercial offices, divided into open space and meeting rooms, are located on the ground floor while the personnel rooms and small internal departments are on the second floor. The production department has a straight-line organization and covers the vehicle preparation area, where the vehicles are cleaned externally and internally, and glass and rubber fittings are installed. Anti-rubbish mats are shaped, put, and glued onto the car mats manufactured inside the factory.

Among the various manufacturing facilities present within the factory, there is a specific area dedicated to the production of daily ambulances. The area, which covers about 5,200 m² and is equipped with facilities compliant with the 4.0 industry concepts, consists of both a two-floor office building and a production department.

3. Interior Design Iveco Daily Ambulance

The principal difference with buses is in the space dedicated to the driver: no driver has to be in the box where the patients lay. According to the user’s needs, large or small ambulances, basic life support (BLS) or advanced life support (ALS) ambulances have to be utilized. The functionality that we should guarantee in the configuration is simple to understand. If we take into consideration the kit to be installed, we realize that ALS requires a higher number of equipment and dedicated space. Consequently, a greater complexity of connections has to be foreseen. Moreover, aside from highway models, customer requirements demand that we can install non-emergency medicine equipment. This circumstance determines the design of the configuration because we have to take into consideration the small volumes dedicated to emergency stowage space. These have to be cleverly associated with the stowage space of non-emergency equipment. We must also guarantee supplies for autonomous operations for at least 1 day. This means an air and fluids supply system must be installed.

Interior design in general plays a key role in the construction of vehicles that were adapted into ambulances. Sometimes they need to be gentle and sometimes need to be rugged and dependable. However, whatever their features, there is a common aspect of all these special vehicles: comfort and functionality. From this perspective, room layout is fundamental. In particular, stowage space for emergency medical equipment, targeted to advance medical treatment, must be carefully designed. For these reasons when constructing ambulances, according to the needs of the customers (i.e., hospitals, people on duty, and so on), we must apply the specifics requested in a proper way. In this chapter, we illustrate different types of ambulances treating interior design based on the type of vehicle.

3.1. Functional Requirements Iveco Daily Ambulance

The last paragraph is the critical process parameters. This will describe the most critical process parameters, including the results for the risk priority numbers and the FDC-severities. These will be determined by using the FMA, FMDA, and information of the suppliers.

The second part is the critical process steps. This is based on the FMCEA and describes the final process flows of the hook process. A list will be presented showing the most critical process steps and will contribute to determining the functional requirements.

The first part of this matrix is the general FMEA (Appendix A). This section is separated into three parts. First, the identification of critical components should be performed. This part will show the critical components of the FMEA. This will be used to assess the risk with the calculated occurrence. The most critical components of this FMEA will be used for the target setting of the functional requirements. This has been discussed in the result section. This will result in a list with the most to least critical components.

The vehicle you choose for your emergency service is, especially in your case, the “working place” of medical staff. To answer to the desired comfort and conditions, the transportation of a patient requires several conditions in the design and manufacturing of the ambulance’s interior. A bed for the patient and storage for all necessary medical parts are self-evident conditions, but we also have a few specifications for the layout, functionality, and additional items. The main functionalities of the hook and the interior design of the daily ambulances are derived from the functional design matrix.

3.2. Ergonomics and Accessibility Iveco Daily Ambulance

Besides the dimension of the ambulance that should guarantee the loading of a litter for each access/egress, provide only the qualitative requirement of maneuverability. In contrast with other mobility aids like wheelchairs, ambulance litters always have a similar design and performance with only technically negligible differences between different brands. Suitable devices are available on the market for light and efficient transfer of people up to 200 kg in conditions of limb flexibility. These devices can also be reconfigured to lift heavy bedridden patients. In particular, the top speed of the new Inmotion automatic stretcher, and the next generation of it, will make it the most suitable elevator for both types of patients. However, for some physical conditions, or even work ethics, transferring patients through the stretcher rollers may be inappropriate.

From the inside, the ergonomics and accessibility are undoubtedly the most demanding aspects. Even if there is a motorist sitting there for most of the working time, by law, the patient compartment should allow a seated person, usually an ambulance operator, to make all the necessary activities while fully protected by the safety belts. Accessibility is not only important to allow the medical operators to use the stretcher without physical effort, but also in case more specialized medical devices are needed, which are less common. Comfort is a must both during the work moment, when the operator should be efficient, and to take care of the patient, partly to make them more calm and partly to keep the professional attention of the EMT and the driver always at a suitable level.

3.3. Medical Equipment Integration Iveco Daily Ambulance

In a developed interior project, to make inaccuracies difficult due to incorrect openings, inefficiencies during the opening of one or more panels, creation of obstacles, etc., we can use several methods, technologies, or systems. Some project or production lines integrate extremely accurate and fast laser tube systems, as shown in the Equipment and Furniture Products catalogue below. These systems give us the possibility of making very precise carvings and continuous holes at the lowest cost to make each piece functional. In the professional ambulance interior, it is important to have a high number of drawers/plans to store any type of sanitary material and devices. These drawers allow the storage of large equipment or heavy materials by the presence of an overload safety system that avoids pulling out drawers from the structure during an emergency situation in which the ambulance makes a high-speed curve.

The integration of medical equipment in ambulances is an outstanding element for efficient use of the emergency vehicle. In this regard, any environment shall be studied in advance to ensure that all main devices such as monitors, defibrillators, ventilators, pumps, and any additional requested piece can be installed in such a way that the special permits are available. The right capacity of designed compartments shall be developed to allow panel openings without any obstacles that can affect the work of medical operators in the treatment of patients. Depending on the concepts described, for example, the emergency medical device wall, we can take various actions that allow us to intervene directly when needed. The same requirements have been defined for the special cabinets required by Italian law. An informed choice will ensure high-quality air in the council, which will be suitable for the emergency medical field.

4. Safety Features Iveco Daily Ambulance

In case of a Daily Mitsubishi SOE-ASC passenger cab, as a difference for the control of the communication patient, except in the patient’s flash lamp connected to the dense barge element, the other vehicles will be connected to the front front-head. A warning lamp that could be used in front facing ASSIST. At the same time, passenger cabins, front front and back of the quilt, a jacket headdress and a flash light on the top of MONOS are provided. The circuit lamp used by the Japanese Ford Group to ensure the seriousness of the ten stages in 300MM for each element of the warning lamp, which is in the daily scope of the chassis, is added. At the time of the daily chassis hitched distant warning and flash in the indication of the self-defense light signal is connected to the warning that is connected to the Mono. It also includes a side light warning on top of the cabin side of great SIGN. An additional lateral warning, which may be connected at the bottom of the curtain side of the F5AS, is also involved. It may be controlled by first allowing it to work in monitoring on front-right and windows. It serves as a signal software of a prizrachred signal on the right side of the chassis. As well as an emergency button. It also takes an additional flash lamp.

It directs design floors and stretchers that provide a warning against the distance between the sides of the stretch bag when the person moves in the direction. Rails with footrests on the sides and tail end of the stretch bag are included. The measure related to the compacted vehicles is addressed. Minimum requirements to improve the safety of rolling stock that is designed to be used with motor vehicles. Compact dimensions of ambulance structures and safety of patient and personnel transport are comprised in IVECO ACCO. The specifications.

4.1. What crashworthiness does it have? Does the vehicle have ABS (Anti-Lock Braking) and ESP (Electronic Stability Program) safety components? Does it have a strong brake system that activates in a short time zone during an accident? Are required airbags installed in the front and rear? What steps were taken to avoid any danger in case of an accident? The measures taken for the safety of the patient and the ambulance crew during transport in Daily Ambulances are addressed in accordance with the provisions of Directive 91/159/EEC, which sets minimum requirements to improve the safety of rolling stock that is designed to be used with motor vehicles in ambulances and medical vehicles. ISC via seat belt anchorage points for patient transfer on the stretcher when using the seat upholstery and to secure the stretcher connection panel itself. The traction devices that are properly connected to the proper functioning of the vehicle manufacturers are mandatory to provide the necessary equipment in new structures for enough of the available hooks or the seat belt anchorage points. Security is designed to be used to prevent a vital sign from falling when the vehicle is rolling or stopping. Minimum filtration against shock during transport. This can be achieved with a stretch simulator system that can be mounted.

4.1. Crashworthiness

Apart from a very strong ‘safety cell’, the vehicle’s many different side impact beams and front and rear ‘Crash Boxes’ are meticulously designed to absorb most of the impact of any collision, thus ensuring that the full energy of the crash does not get to the passenger area. Any window and windscreen breakages are minimal in the event of a front or side collision. The vehicle also houses a windscreen that is designed to take a front impact well. The crashworthiness exhibited in the Daily is a result of a very complex design, which has been developed using state-of-the-art facility at Iveco’s headquarters, enabling engineers to simulate a complete crash using latest test methods right from the drawing board. All the measures collectively ensure that even in a severe accident, the occupants are well protected and as safe as they could reasonably have been.

Crashworthiness is the ability of an ambulance and its interior fitments to protect the occupants during an accident. Even if an ambulance is involved in a road traffic accident, the patients should be protected as the ambulance has to be crashworthy. This concept is inherent in the architecture of the Daily Ambulance. The Daily has a low floor that brings the patients closer to the clinician. This makes the ambulance very stable on road. The vehicle houses a strong enough steel monocoque (integrated chassis & body) structure all around, offering much improved levels of crash protection to the passengers. The unique square shape of the vehicle has been intelligently utilized to create a larger patient care space within the vehicle. This also provides the vehicle with more structural strength and safety.

4.2. Emergency Lighting and Sirens Iveco Daily Ambulance

The information on the importance of a quick and, above all, safe arrival of the emergency vehicle is conveyed to other road users by either voice output, the radio system, or the sirens. The system offers various siren tone sequences and is equipped with a “yelp” siren tone as a warning against an impending end of passage.

– 4 blue LED flashlights in the front radiator grille – 1 blue LED emergency flashlight on the left side of the vehicle bonnet – 1 blue LED emergency flashlight on the right side of the vehicle bonnet – 2 blue LED stripes for both the front door and the sliding door – 4 blue LED stripes at the rear in the roof console – 1 blue LED beacon at the rear – 1 “daytime running light” at the rear and at the front – 2 flashing red-permanently burning blue LED rotating beacons are permanently mounted on the roof in the constellation

Providing the vehicle with a range of emergency lights in different constellations ensures optimal visibility of the vehicle in the event of an emergency occurrence and gives other road users the opportunity to notice the vehicle early on. In addition to the actual red and blue warning lights, the “daytime running lights” that automatically switch on when the engine starts will also be used as additional warning lights. Depending on the vehicle equipment and country-specific regulations, the following emergency lighting is respectively used:

5. Conclusion Iveco Daily Ambulance

The main requirements for new-generation ambulance interiors have been identified. The interior of the ambulance, its layout and equipment were developed, adapted for the deaf-mutes and people and adapted for quick assembly when the interior of the vehicle is completed in the workshop. It is foreseen to obtain the design and variety of the original trolleys, patient chair-electric chair, a single-leaf door opening mechanism. To solve the problem, academic literature analysis, analytical review and synthesis, primary defibrillator and external pacemaker, digital apparatus of external temporary cardiac pacing and synchronized defibrillation VNIIMP-03 are used. Theoretical analysis of the concept solution with regard to other reanimobile interiors is performed, the “SWOT” analysis of the completed concept interior is given.

The section covers the main points of the presented work. The requirements and existing solutions of new generation ambulance bus as a product are listed. The practical part defines and selects the manufacturer of the vehicle, the model range and the drive was selected. The part of functional and safety requirements was determined, including the air conditioning system of the patient compartment, etc. The interior design of the vehicle tight frame was reserved, but the main part of the vehicle, which is the ambulance interior, was designed as it is necessary for a new generation emergency bus. The elaborated solution allows the transportation of both the patient on a portable stretcher, both of the passenger on the integrated stretchers-electric chairs, and in the seat position using special and modified SMART seats. The final elaborated solution is original. It was confirmed with the approval of the vehicle base for the external dimensions, the development of the 3D model of the first device for mounting the integrated stretchers, the medical cabinet and the box of disposable consumables was designed. In the practical part, we used the method of scientific literature analysis to get acquainted with the existing state of art. We used interviews and surveys with manufacturers of medical furniture, medical lighting, reanimobile deaf-mutes. We also referred to the RF MVS Order of July 15, 2011 No. 975 “Approval of the Methodology for the Development of Medical Devices for Medical Vehicles”.

5.1. Summary of Key Points Iveco Daily Ambulance

Matching the interior items and the interface of the ambulance is stated with design principles. This includes the materials used on all components of the interior. For instance, the bends on the ceiling hanger system and the floor parts that will contact the bed and the floor are entirely round. In this way, it is aimed for the easy cleaning of the vehicle in emergency cases. Auto CAD is employed to virtually draft the design. Design staff continuously generates information about 3D drawings and calculations, which enable following the entire design during the manufacturing process. This section provides the essential technologies and new approaches for directing the engineers for vehicle design.

Engine based – no full content provided for article in structure that would enable copying and pasting. The manufacturer and interior design of Iveco Daily Ambulances are discussed in this section. General information is first given regarding this particular manufacturer in terms of background, company structure, the number of employees they have, and similar top-level stats. Next, it’s explained how this manufacturer can provide vehicles that can be used as ambulances instead of doing so by converting an ordinary car into an ambulance. This special way mainly provides safe and comfortable transportation of injured individuals. The interior design concept of gave vehicles is explained as three stages inclusive of space design, electric and electronic systems design, and overall protection and comfort. The space design sub-section includes very general but essential elements that will be taken into consideration such as wheelchair comfort, walking space, easy reach, etc. For the second stage, main systems related to electric and electronic systems can be listed as oxygen systems, insulation, atmospheric pressure, vula parking, sound and light systems, communication systems, and emergency systems.

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