Description

The Toyota Hiace 3.5L V6 High Roof ambulance is designed to provide more interior space and headroom, making it suitable for comprehensive medical care. Here are the dimensions and specifications:

Dimensions:

• Overall Length: 5,915 mm (232.9 inches)
• Overall Width: 1,950 mm (76.8 inches)
• Overall Height: 2,280 mm (89.8 inches)
• Wheelbase: 3,860 mm (151.9 inches)
• Ground Clearance: 175 mm (6.9 inches)

Specifications:

• Engine:
  • Type: 3.5L V6
  • Maximum Output: 278 hp @ 6,000 rpm
  • Maximum Torque: 351 Nm @ 4,600 rpm
• Transmission: 6-speed automatic
• Fuel Type: Gasoline
• Seating Capacity: Varies depending on the ambulance conversion, typically accommodates 3-4 persons in the front cabin and 1 patient on a stretcher in the rear cabin.
• Brakes:
  • Front: Ventilated Disc
  • Rear: Leading-Trailing Drum
• Suspension:
  • Front: Double wishbone with coil spring and stabilizer
  • Rear: Leaf spring rigid axle

Additional Features:

• Interior:
  • Medical equipment storage cabinets
  • Adjustable stretcher
  • Oxygen tank holder
  • Advanced life support systems (varies by configuration)
• Exterior:
  • Emergency lights and sirens
  • High visibility decals and markings
• Safety:
  • Anti-lock Braking System (ABS)
  • Airbags
  • Vehicle Stability Control (VSC)

These specifications may vary slightly depending on the market and the specific ambulance conversion requirements.

 

Toyota Hiace Ambulance is a light commercial van that has been in production since 1967. Over the years, it has become a popular base for ambulance conversions due to its reliable engineering and flexible interior space.

Toyota manufactures several ambulance variants of the Hiace, tailored for different world markets. These include the Hiace SBV and the Hiace Commuter Ambulance. Both models feature customized rear compartments designed to accommodate stretchers, medical equipment, and paramedic seating.

The Hiace is particularly favored as an ambulance platform in developing nations due to its affordability, durability, and ease of maintenance compared to larger van conversions. Countries across Asia, Africa, South America and the Middle East use Hiace ambulances for emergency medical services, transporting millions of patients each year.

The Hiace ambulance remains popular in Japan as well, where stringent size regulations restrict the use of larger vans. The Japan Municipal Ambulance Association has utilized Hiace ambulances since 1971. Smaller dimensions combined with maneuverability make the Hiace well suited for narrow roads and crowded urban conditions.

With over 50 years of production, the Toyota Hiace ambulance has proven itself as a reliable, flexible vehicle for medical transportation around the globe. Its history and worldwide usage cements its status as one of the most ubiquitous emergency response vehicles on roads today.

Exterior Design

The Toyota HiAce ambulance has a distinctive and practical exterior design optimized for medical transportation. With its large profile and spacious dimensions, the HiAce provides excellent accessibility for loading and unloading patients on stretchers.

At over 6 meters long and 2 meters wide, the HiAce ambulance has one of the largest footprints in its class. The sliding side door opening is wide enough to accommodate a stretcher being loaded sideways. There are also double rear doors that open wide for easy access from the back.

In terms of styling, the HiAce has a boxy profile reminiscent of other commercial vehicles. The front features a large grille and halogen headlamps for visibility. Along the sides are privacy glass windows. The ambulance version also comes equipped with an array of exterior lights including flashers, scene lights, and flood lights to facilitate emergency services.

On the roof, there is a raised A/C unit as well as a range of communication antennas. There are also ladders mounted on the sides for accessing the roof. To accommodate the extra weight of the ambulance equipment, the HiAce sits on a reinforced heavy-duty chassis with larger 16-inch wheels.

Overall, the Toyota HiAce ambulance emphasizes function over form. With its spacious interior volume and multiple access points, the HiAce provides excellent accessibility for emergency medical services. The durable and robust exterior is designed to support intensive ambulance duty cycles.

Interior Design

The Toyota Hiace Ambulance interior cabin is designed to provide maximum efficiency and functionality in an emergency medical transport setting. The layout prioritizes accessible patient care and transport space.

The rear patient compartment features wide side-access doors as well as a rear lift-up door for easy loading and unloading of stretchers and wheelchairs. The interior ceiling is raised to allow standing height for attendants providing care. Mounting points are provided for securing various medical equipment during transport.

For storage, overhead compartments allow for convenient access to medications, airway devices, and other critical supplies. Additional underseat storage keeps extra blankets, IV fluids, and backup equipment organized yet easily reached. Oxygen, suction, and defibrillator units can be mounted within arm’s reach in custom racking and consoles.

All aspects of the ambulance interior are designed with emergency ergonomics in mind – from the placement of equipment, to seating for care providers, to ease of cleaning and disinfection between patients. The durable surfaces, absence of sharp edges, and smooth transit handling aim to provide safety for all occupants. Accessibility accommodations such as grab handles assist patients getting in and out of the vehicle.

Performance

The Toyota Hiace Ambulance comes equipped with powerful yet fuel-efficient engine options ideal for emergency medical services.

For most models, the Hiace Ambulance features a 2.7L 4-cylinder petrol engine producing 164 hp and 181 lb-ft of torque. This motor provides strong low-end power and acceleration for navigating through traffic when responding to emergency calls. The engine is mated to a 6-speed automatic transmission with an available all-wheel-drive system, giving the Hiace Ambulance excellent traction and capability.

Higher trim levels offer a more muscular 3.5L V6 petrol engine churning out 271 hp and 248 lb-ft of torque. This engine significantly improves passing power and high-speed response times. The V6 still uses the 6-speed auto, providing smooth and quick gear changes.

Handling and maneuverability are also impressive for an ambulance. The Hiace features a rigid body-on-frame construction and independent front suspension, giving a compliant yet controlled ride. The steering provides good weight and responsiveness, making the Hiace easy to navigate narrow streets or park in tight spaces. Advanced safety systems like traction control and electronic stability control allow confident handling in poor weather.

Overall, the Toyota Hiace Ambulance offers robust powertrains and secure handling to provide responsive performance in time-sensitive emergency situations. The strong engines, slick transmission, and composed chassis give paramedics confidence when responding rapidly to those in need.

Technology

The Toyota Hiace Ambulance comes equipped with advanced technology and safety systems to support emergency medical services.

Safety Systems

• Advanced airbag system with driver, front passenger, front side, and curtain shield airbags to protect occupants in the event of a collision

• Vehicle Stability Control (VSC) and Traction Control (TRC) for maintaining vehicle stability and traction on slippery surfaces

• Anti-lock Braking System (ABS) with Electronic Brakeforce Distribution (EBD) and Brake Assist (BA) for optimum braking performance

• Hill-start Assist Control (HAC) to prevent rolling backwards when starting on an incline

• Parking sensors and reverse camera for safe maneuvering

Communication/Navigation Systems

• Smart infotainment system with GPS navigation, Bluetooth connectivity, and smartphone integration

• Two-way radio system for communication between driver and emergency personnel

• Public address system with external mounted speakers to communicate with bystanders when needed

Other Tech Features

• Remote keyless entry and push button start for convenience

• Automatic climate control system to maintain ideal temperature in patient cabin

• 12V DC power outlets for charging medical devices and equipment

• LED interior lighting to brightly illuminate the patient cabin

• Power sliding side door and rear liftgate for easy loading and unloading of patients

Customization

Toyota Hiace ambulances are highly customizable vehicles that can be converted and outfitted to meet the unique needs of medical transportation services. The conversion process typically begins with a bare bones Toyota Hiace van that has been stripped of all standard interior fixtures. This blank canvas provides ambulance manufacturers the flexibility to design and build a customized emergency medical layout from scratch.

Some of the key medical equipment and layouts that can be installed in a Toyota Hiace ambulance include:

• Patient compartment with stretcher, medical equipment, cabinets, and seating
• Oxygen tanks, outlets, and hookups
• Defibrillator mounts and electrical hookups
• IV bag hooks
• First aid kits, biohazard disposal, sharps container
• Hydraulic lift or winch for loading stretchers
• Emergency lights, sirens, and communication radio
• Driver barrier for safety and isolation

Toyota Hiace ambulances can also be outfitted with specialized features such as:

• Bariatric interior and equipment for transporting obese patients
• Temperature control for maintaining ideal environment
• Backup battery and power system
• Patient monitoring and telemetry capabilities
• Desinfection equipment and surfaces
• Specialized pediatric layouts

The customized medical layout, specialized equipment, and purpose-built interior enable Toyota Hiace ambulances to serve as mobile treatment centers for emergency medical services. Toyota works closely with qualified ambulance manufacturers to ensure the conversion process results in a highly-functional emergency response vehicle.

Fuel Efficiency

The Toyota Hiace Ambulance has excellent fuel economy for its vehicle class. Fuel efficiency will vary depending on engine size, but most models achieve 10-15 mpg in the city and 15-20 mpg on the highway.

There are several factors that impact the Hiace Ambulance’s fuel efficiency:

• Engine size – Smaller engines tend to be more fuel efficient. The 2.5L 4-cylinder engine gets better gas mileage than the larger 4.0L V6.

• Drive type – 2WD models are more fuel efficient than 4WD models which have additional drivetrain components.

• Payload and passengers – More weight reduces fuel economy. Lighter patient loads will get better mpg.

• Driving style – Aggressive acceleration and braking lowers mpg. Smooth, conservative driving improves it.

• Maintenance – Proper maintenance like tune-ups, oil changes, and inflated tires enhances mpg.

• Aerodynamics – Roof racks, spotlights, and other addons increase wind resistance and reduce fuel efficiency.

The size of the fuel tank depends on engine and model. Most Hiace Ambulances have a 15-20 gallon tank, giving them a decent range before refueling. Choosing a smaller engine and 2WD drivetrain, as well as driving conservatively, will help maximize miles per gallon. Proper maintenance and limiting external accessories also improves fuel efficiency.

Maintenance

The Toyota Hiace is generally known for being a very reliable and low-maintenance vehicle. However, to keep a Hiace ambulance running smoothly, regular maintenance is still essential.

Service Intervals

Toyota recommends servicing the Hiace every 10,000 km or 6 months, whichever comes first. Services alternate between minor and major intervals. A minor service involves an oil and filter change, inspecting brakes, tires, and fluids. A major service adds in more comprehensive checks and potentially replacing parts like the air filter, spark plugs, or coolant.

For ambulances that frequently idle or drive short distances, more frequent oil changes may be advised. Ambulance conversions also tend to add more stress on components like the battery and alternator. Checking these more regularly can help prevent unexpected breakdowns.

Common Issues and Repairs

Some of the most common issues reported in Toyota Hiace ambulances include:

• Excessive oil consumption – This can potentially be caused by worn piston rings or valve guide seals. Monitoring oil levels frequently helps identify problems early.

• Failed alternator – The extra electrical load from medical equipment can overwork the alternator over time. Replacement may be needed around 150,000 km.

• Suspension and steering components needing replacement – Ball joints, control arm bushings, and shock absorbers tend to wear out faster in ambulance use.

• Electrical faults – Faulty wiring, relays, switches, and connectors can sometimes occur, especially in older or high-mileage vehicles.

Parts Availability

The Toyota Hiace has been mass produced globally since 1967, so replacement parts are readily available worldwide. For newer models, most parts can be sourced from local Toyota dealerships. For older vintages, aftermarket and recycled parts are also abundant. Wherever the ambulance is operated, mechanics should have access to the components needed for repairs and maintenance.

Pricing

The Toyota Hiace ambulance offers competitive pricing within its class. Here are some key pricing considerations:

Base MSRP

The base MSRP for the Toyota Hiace ambulance starts around $50,000. This is for a standard model without any customizations. Specific pricing can vary depending on your location and desired configuration.

Customization Costs

Adding custom features or specialty equipment to your Hiace ambulance can increase the price. Some popular customizations like power loading systems, emergency lighting packages, and high-grade interiors can add $5,000-$15,000+ to the total sticker price. Work directly with your Toyota dealership to get quotes for specific options.

Resale Value

Toyota Commercial Vehicles like the Hiace are known to retain their resale value exceptionally well. Kelley Blue Book estimates the Hiace retains 70-80% of its value after 5 years of use. Strong resale value means lower depreciation costs and more return when reselling your used ambulance. Proper maintenance and avoiding accidents helps maximize resale value.

The Toyota Hiace ambulance provides an excellent combination of standard features, customization options, and long-term value. Contact your local Toyota dealer for help tailoring your Hiace to meet your ambulance service’s specific needs and budget. Toyota’s reliability reputation makes the Hiace a cost-effective choice for high-mileage emergency response use.

Competitors

The Toyota Hiace ambulance has several competitors in the ambulance manufacturing industry. Here is an overview of some of the other major ambulance models and how they compare to the Hiace:

Mercedes Sprinter

The Mercedes Sprinter is a popular ambulance model, known for its powerful engine and smooth ride. Compared to the Hiace, the Sprinter has a larger patient compartment and payload capacity. However, the Hiace tends to have better maneuverability and a lower purchase price than the Sprinter.

Pros of Sprinter vs. Hiace:

• More interior space
• Higher payload capacity
• More powerful engine

Cons of Sprinter vs. Hiace:

• More expensive
• Worse maneuverability
• Less reliable than Toyota engines

Ford Transit

Like the Sprinter, the Ford Transit ambulance offers generous interior dimensions and payload capacity. It’s powered by Ford’s well-known diesel engines. The Transit ambulance can match the Hiace’s excellent maneuverability in tight spaces.

Pros of Transit vs. Hiace:

• Lower cost than Sprinter
• Good maneuverability
• Familiar and proven Ford powertrain

Cons of Transit vs. Hiace:

• Less interior space than Sprinter
• Less powerful engines than Sprinter
• Doesn’t have Toyota’s reputation for reliability

Fiat Ducato

The Fiat Ducato is a popular ambulance platform outside of North America. It offers car-like handling and a spacious patient compartment. Reliability has improved in recent Ducato generations but still lags behind Toyota.

Pros of Ducato vs. Hiace:

• Car-like driving dynamics
• Roomy interior

Cons of Ducato vs. Hiace:

• Less reliable than Toyota models
• Less ground clearance

While the Hiace may not lead in payload or engine power, it strikes an excellent balance of space, maneuverability, proven reliability, and cost-effectiveness. For ambulance operators needing maximum interior space or power, the Sprinter or Transit may be better options. But for most needs, the Hiace remains very competitive among global ambulance platforms.